The area that I chose to work over, had never been cultivated other than to prepare 'quicky' holes to plant the Rhubarb in when they had to be moved from another spot. Blackberry vine and salmon berry roots were happily thriving beneath the surface, ready to do battle with me. The soil has a reasonably high amount of organic matter from years of decaying leaves dropped by maples and alders. There are lots of BIG rocks laying about a foot below the surface.The blackberries were cut away and the surface weeds were removed. Then I began the task of 'double digging' the entire area, removing roots and rocks as I went. I divided the garden into four sections and concentrated on each one individually, but eventually dug the entire garden area. Double digging consists of digging a trench the entire width of your garden (or section of...) to a depth of two shovels. The removed soil is set off to the side. Then you dig another trench adjoining the first one, but this time you toss the soil into the original ditch. Continue digging, and moving the soil, until you reach the other end of the garden. Place the soil from the first trench into the last, and you are done with this step. As each section was completed, compost, ground bark, and granular 'all-purpose' fertilizer (5-10-10) was added and thoroughly mixed into the soil. The fertilizer was added sparingly at a rate of a cup per square yard, even though many parts of the garden would not be planted. The bark was added to provide structure to the soil because of the clay content. Each of my four sections got a half bag of bark. Two wheelbarrows of compost were added to each section, to feed my plants naturally, and utilize a great garden resource. WHAT? You don't have a compost pile yet? Shame, shame, shame.... Guess I might have to show you how to build one someday!After the soil was double dug, prepared and mixed, it was leveled out with a steel garden rake. Pathways and areas which wouldn't be used for plantings were covered with a mulch of wood chips which was kindly donated by the local utility. (Wood chips consume and burn nitrogen from the soil as they compost. This is the reason I added the fertilizer to the entire garden, rather than just the planting areas.) The rocks which were removed from this area will be used for small rock walls, the "rock" garden, and as garden accents, here and there. The entire area was watered thoroughly to help the soil settle, and I proceeded to take a break.... Just for 'a little bit'.